How Ebola Struck Africa and Its Global Impact

In the dense jungles of Central Africa, a deadly virus quietly lurked among the wildlife for centuries. Little did anyone know, that this virus, known as Ebola, would one day leap from animals to humans, causing a devastating outbreak. Ebola virus disease (EVD) emerged sporadically, but when outbreaks occurred, they struck with terrifying speed and severity.

The first signs of Ebola infection are flu-like symptoms: fever, headache, muscle pain, and weakness. As the virus progresses, it can cause severe internal bleeding and organ failure. The mortality rate is shockingly high, ranging from 25% to 90% depending on the outbreak and the medical care available. This made Ebola not just a disease, but a nightmare for those affected.

When Ebola outbreaks hit communities, fear spread faster than the virus itself. Entire villages could be quarantined, leaving people isolated and frightened. Health workers, clad in protective suits that resembled spacesuits, became heroes risking their lives to care for the sick and dying. International aid poured in, as the world watched with concern and compassion.

Treatment for Ebola is challenging. There is no specific cure, but supportive care such as fluids and electrolytes can help patients survive. Experimental treatments and vaccines have been developed, offering hope for future outbreaks. However, prevention remains crucial: isolating patients, practicing strict hygiene, and safe burial practices can limit the virus's spread.

The impact of Ebola extends far beyond health. Economies suffer as trade and travel are restricted. Families are torn apart, losing loved ones and livelihoods. Yet, amidst the devastation, stories of resilience emerge. Communities rally together, educating each other on prevention and supporting survivors. Scientists work tirelessly to understand the virus and develop better treatments.

Ebola outbreaks also spark global health emergencies. International organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) coordinate responses, deploying experts and resources to contain the virus and support affected countries. Cooperation between nations becomes critical as borders blur in the face of a common threat.

Over time, lessons are learned from each outbreak. Preparedness improves as countries develop response plans and stockpile supplies. Research into vaccines and treatments accelerates, offering hope for a world where Ebola can be prevented or effectively managed.

In the end, the story of Ebola is one of fear, loss, and resilience. It is a reminder of the fragility of health and the strength of humanity. As the world continues to battle emerging infectious diseases, the lessons learned from Ebola remain invaluable, guiding efforts to protect global health for generations to come.

Central Africa: The Rwandan army provided free medical services to the population

Central Africa: The Rwandan army provided free medical services to the population

The Rwandan army, which is part of the (Battle Group VI), working in the mission of the United Nations in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), provided free medical services to the people of Bria, a village in Dahouga.

In the event that took place on Tuesday, May 28, 2024, the medical services provided focused on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as malaria, respiratory diseases and those with stomach problems.

Residents are also screened for non-communicable diseases including blood pressure and weight, and are offered dental and eye care services.

The Mayor of Bria, Mr. Maurice Balekouzou, praised the good relations and strong friendship between Rwandans and Central Africans. He also thanked the Rwandan Armed Forces who are part of the MINUSCA mission for their great support in providing medical care to the people, which improves the general well-being of the people.

Lt Col Tharcisse MPFIZI, Commander of Battle Group VI, said that in addition to protecting civilians, the Rwandan peacekeeping forces in Central Africa are committed to improving the welfare of the people they protect.

This includes providing essential health services to improve the lives of the people of Central Africa. He also emphasized that they will continue to cooperate with the people in fulfilling their responsibility to support and maintain peace and security in the Central African Republic.

Learn about 'Hemophilia' which can cause death or disability

 Learn about 'Hemophilia' which can cause death or disability

The Hemophilia Society, together with the Rwanda Health Center (RBC), is calling on people with symptoms of the disease to seek early diagnosis to prevent death or disability.

Mujawimana Clementine, who lives at Muhima in Nyarugenge, has had 4 births in total, where the babies are born with bleeding, but after finding out that she is suffering from Hemophilia, she gave up.

"I always go to the doctor where my 3 children are bleeding profusely, and I take them to medicate. The child may eat a piece of cake or chew a piece of chewing gum, and start bleeding from the mouth."

Majawimana says that she and her husband do not have a problem with bleeding, but that one of her older brothers has bleeding that lasts for a long time. Nsengiyumva Amos, 29 years old, says that he was born with Hemophilia and it was difficult for him for many years while the treatment for the disease had not arrived in Rwanda (before 2014). At the age of five, Nsengiyumva noticed a swelling in the knee of his leg, and after a while, he felt as if he was injured.

It is a disease that is transmitted from a parent or another blood relative to some of the children born in that family, and a person may be born without a cell (protein) that helps the blood to heal.

If a person who has it is injured or bleeds due to something else, it stops bleeding quickly (hakuma), but if you don't have it, it continues to bleed, which is called Hemophilia.A person suffering from Hemophilia requires an injection called 'Factor', otherwise they bleed to death, or experience complications including permanent disability.

Symptoms of Hemophilia

The head of the Rwanda Fraternity Against Hemophilia, Sylvestre Murindabyuma, says that there are things that people call magic, but they don't know that they are sick or have suffered from a disease of blood that cannot be treated.

Symptoms of Hemophilia

This image shows the signs and symptoms

Murindavyuma says that blood can flow from the joints of joints such as the elbows, knees, groin, and ankles, and become swollen and discolored, until the bones that connect them are broken, and the person becomes disabled.

There are cases where a person bleeds from the skin inside, from the tissues that connect the flesh and bones, or from the flesh and the swelling, and the blood is covered (called Hematoma).

Some bleed in the mouth and chin, especially when a person has a tooth, or an injury to the chin due to a fall or eating something hard, and some bleed after surgery or injections.

The Hemophilia Society continues to say that some suffer from cerebral palsy, which is manifested by weakness and nausea, which can eventually lead to paralysis, blindness, or long-term coma.

Murindavyuma says that a person with a slow discharge from the nose, as well as irregular periods, can also go to the doctor to check for hemophilia, where the machine that tests for this disease is located at CHUK Hospital.

He said, "There are those who see a person who has started to faint and have swollen joints, and they go to seek witch doctors and shoot him (and leave), and in a short time the person is dead."

He said, "We appreciate the Rwandan government for the way they live close to this disease, we have been showing it but we are few, we ask them to increase their support in supporting us, so that they have a role in searching around for those living with these symptoms to be tested, identified, and helped before they die."

At the moment, one unit of factor (Factor) is bought for more than 1.200 million Rwandan francs, and a patient with severe hemophilia will have to take this medicine at least once every week.

The Rwanda Fraternity Against Hemophilia does not ask those who have this disease so that they can be identified and treated early, because they have a donor who gives them free medicine.

So far the machine in CHUK has detected 96 Hemophilia patients out of about 1600 Rwandans who are suspected of having the problem.

The RBC employee in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Evariste Ntaganda, says that a campaign has been started on Hemophilia, as well as training for doctors working in hospitals and health centers so that those who are unable to help are immediately sent to CHUK Hospital to see if it is not Hemophilia.

Dr Ntaganda said, "We are saying that now people know about it, he will find that he has a problem and he will show it."

Regarding the measures RBC will take due to the problem of expensive Hemophilia drugs, Dr Ntaganda says that what was difficult was to first know the number of Rwandans affected by this disease, so that they can find cheap drugs.

The Challenge of Marburg Virus Disease in Africa: A Persistent Threat

ⓒfrom frontiersin

Since its discovery in the 1960s, Marburg virus disease has posed a serious health challenge in Africa. This rare but deadly virus belongs to the same family as Ebola virus and is believed to originate from bats. It can cause severe illness in humans, with symptoms ranging from fever, chills, and headache to severe bleeding and organ failure.

Outbreaks of Marburg virus disease have occurred sporadically in several African countries, often in regions where people come into contact with bats or caves inhabited by bats. The virus can spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or tissues, making healthcare workers and family members of patients particularly vulnerable.

The signs of Marburg virus disease typically appear abruptly and progress rapidly. Early symptoms resemble those of influenza, such as fever, muscle pain, and fatigue. As the disease advances, it can lead to more severe symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hemorrhagic manifestations like bleeding from the gums, nose, and other organs.

Preventing Marburg virus disease involves several key measures. First and foremost is raising awareness about the virus and educating communities on how it spreads. Avoiding contact with bats and their habitats, as well as avoiding consumption of bushmeat from wild animals, reduces the risk of exposure. In healthcare settings, implementing strict infection control measures—such as wearing personal protective equipment and safely handling medical waste—is crucial to preventing transmission among healthcare workers and patients.

Efforts to develop a vaccine for Marburg virus disease are ongoing, although none has been widely available for public use as of 2024. During outbreaks, rapid identification of cases, isolation of patients, and contact tracing are essential to containing the spread of the virus. International organizations and local health authorities collaborate to respond swiftly to outbreaks, providing medical care and support to affected communities.

In conclusion, Marburg virus disease remains a challenging public health issue in Africa, requiring ongoing vigilance and coordinated efforts to prevent and control outbreaks. By continuing to invest in research, public health infrastructure, and community education, countries can reduce the impact of this deadly virus and protect the health of their populations.

Fighting Mosquitoes and Vaccinating Communities to Defeat Yellow Fever

Yellow fever has had a significant impact on both Africa and South America from the 1960s to the present day. This viral disease is transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly the Aedes aegypti species. It can cause a range of symptoms, from mild fever and headache to severe cases involving jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), bleeding, and organ failure.

In Africa, yellow fever outbreaks have been a recurring challenge, affecting communities across the continent. The virus thrives in tropical and subtropical regions where mosquitoes breed in stagnant water. Rural areas are particularly vulnerable due to limited access to healthcare and vaccination services.

Symptoms of yellow fever often start suddenly and include fever, muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting. As the disease progresses, some patients develop severe symptoms such as jaundice and bleeding. Without prompt medical care, yellow fever can be fatal, especially in severe cases where liver and kidney functions are compromised.

Preventing yellow fever primarily involves vaccination. The yellow fever vaccine is safe and highly effective, providing immunity for at least 10 years and often for life. Mass vaccination campaigns have been crucial in controlling outbreaks and protecting populations at risk. Additionally, efforts to control mosquito populations through insecticide spraying and eliminating breeding sites help reduce the transmission of the virus.

In South America, similar efforts have been made to combat yellow fever. Vaccination campaigns have targeted vulnerable populations in urban and rural areas, aiming to prevent outbreaks and protect public health. Thanks to these efforts, many countries in South America have successfully reduced the burden of yellow fever, although sporadic outbreaks still occur.

Overall, the history of yellow fever in Africa and South America from the 1960s to 2024 reflects ongoing efforts to control and eliminate the disease. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of prevention, supported by mosquito control measures and public health interventions. By continuing these efforts, countries can mitigate the impact of yellow fever and strive towards a future where the disease is no longer a threat to communities worldwide.

The Eradication of Smallpox As A Triumph of Global Health

  The Eradication of Smallpox As A Triumph of Global Health

In the 1960s, smallpox was a widespread and deadly disease affecting millions around the world. Caused by the variola virus, smallpox caused high fever, body rash, and painful blisters that could lead to scarring or even death. The virus spreads easily through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected individuals.

Eradicating smallpox with speedboat Epidemiology

Efforts to eradicate smallpox gained momentum in the 1960s with the introduction of a successful vaccine. Mass vaccination campaigns became a crucial strategy to control outbreaks and prevent the disease from spreading further. Health workers traveled to remote areas, reaching out to communities to ensure everyone received the vaccine.

The signs of smallpox were distinctive: high fever followed by a rash that started on the face and spread throughout the body, turning into painful sores. Many who survived were left with deep scars, reminders of the disease's severity. Smallpox had a devastating impact on populations worldwide, causing widespread illness, disability, and death.

By the late 1970s, due to global vaccination efforts coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO), smallpox was successfully eradicated. This monumental achievement marked the first and only time a human disease had been eradicated through vaccination efforts. It was a testament to international collaboration and the dedication of health workers worldwide.

Preventing smallpox today primarily involves maintaining high vaccination coverage. The vaccine is highly effective and provides long-term immunity against the virus. Routine vaccination has ceased since the eradication of smallpox, but vaccines are still kept in storage to respond to any potential outbreaks. The eradication of smallpox stands as a testament to what can be achieved through global cooperation and sustained public health efforts, ensuring that future generations remain free from this once deadly disease.

Fighting Cholera: A Global Battle for Clean Water

 Fighting Cholera: A Global Battle for Clean Water

Drinking water or eating food that is contaminated with a bacteria called Vibrio cholera

In many parts of Africa and the world, cholera is a serious illness that affects many people. It is caused by drinking water or eating food that is contaminated with a bacteria called Vibrio cholerae. This bacteria can cause severe diarrhea and vomiting, leading to dehydration and, if not treated quickly, even death.

In Africa, where clean water can be hard to find, cholera outbreaks happen often. People who get sick with cholera can experience symptoms like watery diarrhea, nausea, and stomach cramps. These signs usually start suddenly and can make someone very sick within hours.

Doctors and health workers play an important role in treating cholera. They provide patients with oral rehydration solutions to replace lost fluids and salts. This treatment helps people recover faster and prevents severe dehydration. Communities also work together to prevent cholera by promoting clean water and good hygiene practices. Washing hands with soap, using safe water for drinking and cooking, and keeping food clean are important steps in stopping cholera from spreading.

Doctors and health workers play an important role in treating cholera

Across the world, efforts are ongoing to eliminate cholera by improving access to clean water and sanitation. Governments and organizations collaborate to build safe water systems and educate communities about hygiene. By working together and taking these preventive measures, we can reduce the impact of cholera and keep people healthy and safe, both in Africa and globally.

More about the eye disease that threatens Rwandans known as Amarundi

More about the eye disease that threatens Rwandans known as Amarundi

A few days ago in Rwanda, there was an eye disease called Amarundi, but it is usually called 'Viral Conjunctivitis'. This disease is spread mainly during winter through an insect called 'Adenovirus'.

The one who caught it is characterized by symptoms like runny nose, headache, coughing, and more.

On February 11, 2024, the Ministry of Health urged all Rwandans to take measures to prevent eye disease when it was discovered that it had arrived in Rwanda. It was after he had visited countries like Kenya and Tanzania for some time.

This disease is transmitted through many ways such as public places, shaking hands with an infected person who has touched their face without washing it, using a device that they have used, and in other ways, according to the data.

Those who have this disease are characterized by high fever, headache, cough, dehydration, severe cold, stuffy nose, and shortness of breath.

It continues to affect quite a few people, where the patient has swollen eyes, feels hypothermia, and has blurred vision.

That's not the only characteristic because the sufferer is also very tired in the morning to the point that it is difficult to open the eyes, it is difficult to look at the sun, and the eyes are very red.

This eye disease caused by the 'Adenovirus' virus affects people of all ages, although the majority are young children because they are often in contact with their peers, and are impatient to avoid close contact.

This disease is transmitted in different ways according to the National Institute of Health, RBC. The only solution to prevent it is that when the sick person is going to cough, he should use a cloth to cover his mouth but not use his hand so as not to spread the air to others.

Another way to prevent this disease is to avoid hugging someone who is sick, to share things that have been touched by someone who is sick, not to go to the 'swimming pool' because it is shared with different people, to avoid sharing cleaning equipment and to wash with clean water and soap every time you leave the bathroom because If you have been dealing with many insects that can cause you to suffer from this disease.

Anyone who has heard of these symptoms should go to the doctor immediately and receive medication, while those who are ill should avoid all activities that bring them in contact with others.

Causes, symptoms & how to prevent red eye disease

The disease which has hit Dar es Salaam, Tanzania has now been reported in Mombasa

Over the past few days, there has been a growing concern about the increasing cases of red eye diseases, which have become common around the coastal city of Mombasa.

The highly contagious disease has been recorded in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and has since been reported in Kenya.

Characterized by the telltale redness of the eye, this condition, formally known as conjunctivitis, has caused panic.

In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment of red eye disease.

Causes of the Red Eye disease

Conjunctivitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and allergens.

Bacterial infections, notably strains of bacteria such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus, also contribute to the initiation of conjunctivitis. Additionally, irritants like smoke, dust, or chemicals can trigger the inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear layer covering the white part of the eye.

Symptoms of red eye disease

Identifying the red eye disease hinges on recognizing its distinctive symptoms. The most apparent sign is, unsurprisingly, the redness of the eye due to blood vessels becoming dilated and inflamed.

Beyond the obvious discoloration, individuals may experience itching, a gritty sensation, excessive tearing, and pain.

The eyes may discharge a watery or mucous-like substance, leading to the formation of crusts, particularly after sleep. Sensitivity to light can also accompany the condition, intensifying the discomfort.

Occasionally, some patients may experience blurred vision, headaches, and a running nose.

Treatment and prevention of Red Eye disease:

Red eye has no specific treatment as it usually disappears one to two weeks after the patient has been infected.

However, preventive measures can be adopted to prevent the spread and escalation of the disease.

80 new ambulances have been sent to the clinic

 80 new ambulances have been sent to the clinic

The Minister of Health, Dr Nsanzimana Sabin announced that on June 15, 2024, about 80 ambulances were sent to hospitals across the country.

He announced this in an interview President Paul Kagame had with about 8000 health advisors from all over the country.

Some of these Toyota Land Cruiser ambulances were parked in the morning at the Stade Amahoro, near the B.K Arena building, where the meeting with health advisors and President Kagame is taking place.

In the National Council of Negotiation held on January 24, 2024, Minister Nsanzimana Sabin indicated that to provide immediate relief, Rwanda needs 500 ambulances.

Minister Nsanzimana said: “Otherwise we would like it to reach the person in less than 10 minutes, more like 15 depending on the location of the caller. That's our goal, and at some point, we're starting to like it. But in the whole country, we have only 210 rescue stations, otherwise, we need at least 500.”

On June 15, Minister Nsanzimana announced that another 80 new aid workers had arrived in Rwanda. He said, "In Rwanda, we had 247 ambulances, but after the task you gave us, we collaborated with other government agencies, especially the Police and the National Guard, and bought 243 ambulances so that the first 80 arrived here in Rwanda and this morning they started going to the hospital and all the provinces."

Minister Nsanzimana continued, "We expect that in three or four months, each region will have at least eight new ambulances from these purchases. Each region had six or seven ambulances. That is, we have doubled our capacity a little more."

In January 2024, Minister Nsanzimana announced to Rwandans that this year would end the problem of shortage of humanitarian aid.

Shortage of emergency services is one of the delays in the services provided by the clinic

What are these ambulances going to help the people of Rwanda this time? First of all, Ambulances are going to be distributed in different hospitals in the four provinces of the country. As we all know Ambulances play a crucial role in Rwanda, as they do in any country, especially in ensuring timely medical care and saving lives. Here are several key reasons why ambulances are important in Rwanda:

Emergency Response: Ambulances provide rapid response to medical emergencies such as accidents, heart attacks, and childbirth complications. In Rwanda, where road accidents and medical emergencies occur, ambulances can quickly transport patients to healthcare facilities.

Access to Healthcare: Rwanda is known for its efforts to improve healthcare accessibility through initiatives like community health insurance (Mutuelles de Santé). Ambulances ensure that even remote or rural communities have access to timely medical transport to hospitals or clinics, reducing barriers to healthcare.

Maternal and Child Health: Ambulances are crucial for maternal and child health, ensuring that pregnant women experiencing complications or children with serious illnesses can receive urgent medical attention and potentially life-saving treatment.

Reducing Mortality Rates: Timely access to medical care through ambulances helps reduce mortality rates from accidents, illnesses, and complications that could otherwise lead to fatalities if medical intervention is delayed.

Improving Health Outcomes: By providing swift transport to healthcare facilities, ambulances contribute to better health outcomes by ensuring patients receive appropriate treatment promptly, thereby reducing the risk of long-term disability or complications.

Public Health Infrastructure: Ambulances are a vital component of Rwanda's overall public health infrastructure, supporting the broader goals of improving healthcare delivery and emergency response systems across the country.

In summary, ambulances are essential in Rwanda for their role in emergency response, improving access to healthcare, reducing mortality rates, enhancing health outcomes, and supporting the country's public health infrastructure. They play a critical part in the healthcare system's ability to provide timely and effective medical care to all Rwandans, contributing significantly to public health and well-being.

The Quiet Threat of Fighting Tuberculosis in a Developing Village in Rwanda and Other Parts of the World

The Quiet Threat of Fighting Tuberculosis in a Developing Village in Rwanda and Other Parts of the World

In a small village nestled amidst lush green hills, life unfolds slowly and peacefully. People here know each other well, sharing stories over cups of sweet tea and homemade bread. But beneath this serene exterior, there lurks a silent threat that affects the lives of many – tuberculosis, or TB.

Meet Amina, a young mother with a smile that lights up the room. She works tirelessly in the fields, caring for her children and tending to her elderly parents. One day, Amina begins to feel unusually tired. Her energy wanes, and a persistent cough creeps in, refusing to go away. Concerned, her family takes her to the village clinic where the nurse listens to her chest and orders tests.

The results confirm their fears – Amina has tuberculosis. The news spreads quickly through the village, raising anxiety among neighbors who wonder if they too could be at risk. The clinic starts Amina on a strict regimen of antibiotics, explaining that TB can be cured with proper treatment, but it requires diligence and patience.

As weeks pass, Amina faithfully takes her medications, supported by her loving family and the guidance of healthcare workers. The antibiotics cause side effects, making her feel nauseous and weak at times, but she perseveres. Her determination to get better for her children and family keeps her going.

Slowly, Amina's health improves. The cough subsides, and her strength returns. She completes her treatment under the watchful eye of the clinic staff, who celebrate her recovery as a victory against TB. Amina's experience becomes a lesson for the village, emphasizing the importance of early detection, treatment adherence, and community support in the fight against tuberculosis.

In this quiet village, as in many parts of the world, tuberculosis remains a formidable health challenge. Yet, with awareness, access to healthcare, and unwavering determination, individuals like Amina can overcome TB and inspire hope for a healthier future.

Malaria in General and How to prevent it

Malaria in General and How to Prevent It

Malaria is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. It has historically been one of the deadliest diseases in human history, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Here are some key points about malaria and its impact:

 Global Impact: Malaria has had a profound impact on global health, especially in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of South America. It's estimated that malaria has been responsible for billions of cases and millions of deaths throughout history.

High Mortality Rates: Malaria primarily affects vulnerable populations such as young children and pregnant women. In severe cases, it can lead to death if not treated promptly and effectively. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2019 alone, there were about 229 million cases of malaria worldwide and over 400,000 deaths, with the majority occurring in Africa.

Economic Burden: Malaria also imposes a significant economic burden on affected countries. It reduces productivity due to illness and absenteeism from work and school. This has broader implications for economic development and poverty alleviation efforts in endemic regions.

Challenges in Control: Despite considerable efforts to control and eliminate malaria, challenges persist. These include insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, drug resistance in the malaria parasites themselves, and limited access to effective treatment and prevention measures in remote and underserved communities.

Global Efforts: International organizations, governments, and non-governmental organizations have been working together to combat malaria through initiatives like the Roll Back Malaria Partnership and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. These efforts have contributed to significant reductions in malaria cases and deaths in recent years.

Community health workers lead the fight against malaria in Rwanda

Kigali – Over the past seven years, Rwanda has significantly reduced the burden of malaria, with the infection rate dropping from 409 cases per 1000 people in 2016 to just 76 cases per 1000 people in 2022. Malaria deaths also fell by more than 89% over the same period.

This achievement has been possible thanks to efforts by the government, in partnership with World Health Organization (WHO) and other partners, to expand and decentralize malaria control initiatives to the community level through a range of measures from public education to prevention, diagnosis and treatment. 

Community health workers have been integral to the country’s efforts to combat the disease. Partnering with WHO, the country has trained 30 000 community health workers to provide comprehensive malaria treatment at home, saving hundreds of lives in the process. In 2022, 55% of all recorded cases were diagnosed and treated by community health workers, compared with 15% in 2016.

Preventing the spread of malaria in a country like Rwanda, or any other malaria-endemic region, involves a combination of strategies aimed at reducing mosquito populations and protecting people from mosquito bites. Here are some key methods:

Use of Mosquito Nets: Distributing and promoting the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) can significantly reduce mosquito bites during sleep, which is when malaria-transmitting mosquitoes are most active.

Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS): Applying insecticides to the interior walls of houses can kill mosquitoes that come into contact with these surfaces. This method is particularly effective in areas where mosquitoes primarily feed and rest indoors.

Environmental Management: Eliminating or reducing mosquito breeding sites by draining stagnant water and properly managing water sources can help decrease mosquito populations.

          

This image shows the youth volunteers draining the stagnant water and cutting bushes around homes 

Prompt Diagnosis and Treatment: Early diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases with effective antimalarial medications reduce the number of parasites in the bloodstream, thereby reducing the chances of transmission to others through mosquito bites.

Community Education: Educating communities about the symptoms of malaria, the importance of seeking prompt treatment, and how to use preventive measures like bed nets can empower individuals to protect themselves and their families from the sector eg Karambo

      Educating communities about the symptoms of malaria and how to prevent it

Vector Control Programs: Implementing comprehensive vector control programs that combine multiple interventions (such as ITNs, IRS, and larval control) can achieve greater impact in reducing malaria transmission.

Monitoring and Surveillance: Regular monitoring of malaria cases and mosquito populations helps to identify high-risk areas and measure the effectiveness of control interventions.

Climate Change Adaptation: Considering the impact of climate change on mosquito breeding patterns and malaria transmission, implementing adaptive strategies can be crucial for long-term control efforts.

In Rwanda, these strategies have been part of a concerted effort to combat malaria, resulting in significant reductions in malaria-related illness and deaths in recent years. Continued commitment to these preventive measures, along with innovative approaches and sustainable funding, will be essential to further reduce the burden of malaria and work towards its elimination.

HIV/AIDS Started Spreading In The 1980s Coursed a Big Impact

 HIV/AIDS Started Spreading In The 1980s Coursed a Big Impact

HIV/AIDS is a sickness that affects the body's immune system, which helps us fight off infections. It started spreading in the 1980s and has affected many people around the world. HIV is a virus that can be passed from person to person through certain body fluids, like blood or semen, during activities like unprotected sex or sharing needles.

Decline in new HIV infections (blue line) and increasing coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Rwanda, 2004-2015. Source: Institute of HIV/AIDS Disease Prevention & Control, Rwanda Biomedical Centre; reproduced with permission

When someone gets HIV, it attacks their immune system over time, making it hard for their body to fight off other infections and diseases. This can lead to a sickness called AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), where the body becomes very weak and can't defend itself properly.

HIV/AIDS has had a big impact on people's lives. Many people have gotten very sick and some have passed away because of it. Families and communities have been affected, and there has been a lot of fear and stigma around the sickness.

To prevent HIV/AIDS, it's important to take certain steps. Using condoms during sex and not sharing needles for drugs or tattoos helps reduce the risk of spreading the virus. Getting tested for HIV regularly is also important, so people can know their status and get treatment if needed. Treatment with medications called antiretroviral can help people with HIV live longer and healthier lives.

 Rwanda on track to achieve HIV epidemic control

Education and understanding are key to preventing HIV/AIDS. Knowing how it spreads and how to protect yourself can make a big difference. By working together and supporting each other, we can help stop HIV/AIDS from spreading and support those affected by it.

COVID-19, also known as Coronavirus Disease 2019

COVID-19, also known as Coronavirus Disease 2019

 COVID-19, also known as Coronavirus Disease 2019, started in late 2019. It spread from a city called Wuhan in China to many countries around the world. The sickness is caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2.

 The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and         naming it SARS-CoV-2

People can catch COVID-19 if they get close to someone who has it, especially if that person coughs or sneezes. The virus can enter the body through the mouth, nose, or eyes. Once inside, it can make people sick with symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Some people can get very sick and need to go to the hospital. Sadly, COVID-19 has caused many deaths worldwide.

Because COVID-19 spreads easily from person to person, it has had a big impact on our lives. Schools and businesses closed to keep people safe. Many people had to stay home and couldn't see their friends and family. This made life hard and changed how we do things.

            Some common symptoms observed in patients with COVID-19.

To prevent COVID-19, there are important things we can do. We should wear masks over our mouths and noses when we're around others. Washing hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is crucial. Keeping a safe distance, about six feet, from people who don't live with us also helps stop the virus from spreading. Vaccines have been made to protect us from COVID-19. Getting vaccinated helps our bodies fight the virus if we come into contact with it.

By following these steps and working together, we can protect ourselves and others from COVID-19. It's important to listen to scientists and doctors for the best ways to stay safe and healthy. Together, we can beat COVID-19 and make life safer for everyone.

As of my last update in January 2022, COVID-19 has caused a significant number of illnesses and deaths worldwide. The exact number of people affected by COVID-19 can change as new cases are reported and more data becomes available. However, as of that time, there have been millions of confirmed cases and several million deaths attributed to COVID-19 globally. The impact continues to be felt across countries and communities, with efforts ongoing to control the spread of the virus through vaccination, public health measures, and treatment. For the most current and accurate information on COVID-19 statistics, it's best to refer to reliable sources such as the World Health Organization (WHO) or national health departments.

The United Arab Emirates Youth Empowerment Initiative ''An Interactive Discussion With Students At Mount Kigali University''

The United Arab Emirates Youth Empowerment Initiative ''An Interactive Discussion With Students At Mount Kigali University''

In the city of Kigali, Rwanda, there was a big event happening at Mount Kigali University. It was called the United Arab Emirates Youth Empowerment Initiative. This event was all about helping young people feel strong and capable.

Ambassador Hazza Mohammed Falah Kharsan AlQahtani fosters Youth Empowerment

The UAE Ambassador stood before the eager students of Mount Kigali University, his presence commanding attention. With a warm smile, he began to speak, sharing stories of collaboration and friendship between the United Arab Emirates and Rwanda. His words carried a message of hope and possibility, inspiring the young minds before him to dream big and reach for the stars. As he spoke of the UAE's commitment to youth empowerment, the students listened intently, feeling a sense of pride and excitement. His speech sparked a fire within them, igniting a passion to contribute to a brighter future for their country and the world.

One sunny day, students gathered in a big room at the university. They were excited to learn and be inspired. Among them was a student named Aisha. She was in her third year and studying international relations. She was eager to hear what the event had to offer.

two students with a Smart Phone for Best innovative Youth Empowerment presenting their innovative of smart house

During the event, students asked questions and got helpful answers from the Ambassador of UAE. They talked about things like starting businesses and being leaders in their communities and also job opportunity in UAE

The United Arab Emirates Youth Empowerment Initiative had given few Rwandan people and other people from different countries the opportunity to work in UAE and they now  hope for a brighter future. They knew that with hard work and support, they could achieve anything they set their minds to.

The UAE Ambassador prepared to present the award for the best student performance. Students gathered eagerly, their eyes shining with anticipation. As the Ambassador took the stage, he praised the hard work and dedication of the students. With a proud smile, he announced the winner, whose face lit up with joy and pride. It was a moment of celebration and inspiration, as the Ambassador's words encouraged all the students to strive for excellence in their studies and beyond. The award ceremony left a lasting impression on the hearts of the students, filling them with determination to pursue their dreams and make a difference in the world.

Ambassador Hazza Mohammed Falah Kharsan AlQahtani  took the stage and gave the award  to the best student in MKU

This made other students happy and motivated them to work hard also so that I can reach on their dreams 

This picture shows students being happy after 

Ambassador Hazza Mohammed Falah Kharsan AlQahtani fosters Youth Empowerment stage.

He invited us as students to apply in UEA and he promised us that there are many jobs o